[Kuliah] Management Science

[Bilack Cat]

Tugas-Tugas Management Science.

Spoiler for Assignment #1:

1.   Define Management. Explain it’s function and importance in organisation?
2.   Brief Henry Fayol’s principles of Management?
3.   Describe the social responsibilities of Management?
4.   Explain the styles of leadership?

Answer (berdasarkan penjelasan dari Mrs.Pupalla):

1.    Management means the art of getting things (doing work) done by another (employees/workers).
Function of Management: -    Planning: Establish strategies and plan to achieve the goals and objective.
-   Organizing: Determine what task should be done
-   Leading: Motivate, lead an taka other actions involved in dealing with people
-   Controlling: Monitor activities to ensure that they are accomplished as planned
-   Staffing: recruiting the skillful person to do the work
Importance of Management: Effective and efficient management leads to success to achieve the ultimate goals, management needs to work creatively in all four functional areas, such as:  Human Recourse Management, Finance Management, Marketing Management, and production Management.

2.   Henry Fayol’s principles of Management:
a). Division of labor: Employees to become specialize in their field which yields improvements in skills and efficiency.
b). Authority: Right to give orders to the subordinates.
c). Discipline: Employees must respect the organizations rules
d). Unity of Command: Organization hierarchy should be clear and each employee should respond to only one boss
e). Unity of Directions: Each group of organizations activities should have some objective and should be directed by one manager
f). Subordination of the individual inters to the company’s interest: the interest of one person should not take priority over the interest of the organization as a whole
g). Proper Remuneration (Salary): proper salary has to pay to the employees
h). Centralization: taking decisions should be performed from the top of the hierarchy
i). Scalar Chair: Organization should have hierarchical one of authority from top to bottom
j). Order: people and material should be in the right place and right time
k). Equity: Manager should be kind and fair to the subordinates
l). Stability of Tenure: Retaining productive employee should always be high priority to the management
m). Initiative: take steps to encourage the workers
n). E Spirit de corps: Promoting team spirit will build harmony and unity within the organization

3.   Social Responsibilities of Management:
a.   Responsibility towards Owners: the owners should know the situation in the business, the management should always tell the owners about the current situation of the business.
b.   Responsibilities toward Employees: the management should take care their workers and pay their wages, and have all the facility they can get
c.   Responsibilities towards costumers: the management should take care the costumers so they will not lose a costumers and gain a profit
d.   Responsibilities toward the government: the management should pay tax to the government
e.   Responsibilities toward society: the government should pay attention to the society and can be helpful for the society in any way their can

4.   The Styles of Leadership:
a.   Autocratic Leader: Bossing around people
b.   Democratic Leader: allow team to provide input before making decisions
c.   Laissez-faire Leader: Don’t interfere in group activities. They allow teammates in making decisions but the work should be completed in time.

Spoiler for Assignment #2:

Question:
1.   Define Human Resource Management and Personnel Management? Define the differences between those two management!
2.   Write a short notes on:
a.   Recuitment and Selection
b.   Training and Development
c.   Performance Appraisal
d.   Manpower Planning

Answer (berdasarkan penjelasan dari Mrs.Pupalla):
1.    Human Resource Management (HRM) are administrative activities associated with human resource planning, recruitung, selection, motivation, training, appraisal, remuneration ,etc.
HRM aims at developing people through  work and HRM is the effectife use of human resources in order to enhance the organizational performance.
Personnel Management (PM) is a part of management which is concerned with people at work and with their relationships within an enterprise (Organization)

Differences between Human Resource Management and Personnel Management:
1.   -      PM is mainly reactive and responsive to the demand of an employee whenever situation arises
-   HRM is proactive function, it concerned with present and future needs of the organization
2.   -      PM is looked as an independent function of the organization
-   HRM is looked as a subsystem linked with all other system of the organization
3.   -      PM stresses only on improving the efficiency of the employees
-   HRM includes right from the efficiency of the top management
4.   -      PM emphasizes on economic rewards to the employees
-   HRM emphasizes on satisfaction of higher needs for motivating the employees
5.   -   PM believes that a happy worker is a productive worker
-   HRM is based on the premise that better performance is a source of satisfaction and high morale


2.   a).   Recuitment and Selection: 
Recruitment is the process of searching the candidates for employment and stimulating them to apply for jobs in the organization, while Selection is the process in which candidates are divided into two classes, those who are to be offered employment and those who are not.
b).    Training and Development:
Training and Development is the process or act of increasing or developing the skill of employees for doing a particular job. (The employees should have basic knowledge)
   c).   Performance Appraisal:
Performance Appraisal is a systematic way of reviewing and assessing the performance of an employee during a given period of time and planning for his future.  The process by which a manager or consultant, (1) examines and evaluates an employees work behaviour by comparing it with preset standards, (2)  documents the results of the comparison, and (3) uses the results to provide feedback to the employee to show where improvement are needed and why. 
   d).   Manpower Planning:
Manpower Planning or human resource planning is the process of systematically forecasting the future demand and supply of employees and deployment of their skills within the strategic objective and organization.

Spoiler for Assignment #3:

Question:
   Define Marketing, Explain about Marketing Mix?
   Describe strategies that the company has to follow during the stages of product life cycle?
   Define Materials Management? Write a short notes on:
   ABC – Analysis
   EOQ – Analysis

Answer (berdasarkan penjelasan dari Mrs.Pupalla):
   Marketing: is the process of developing, promoting, and distributing products to satisfy costumer’s wants and needs.
Marketing Mix: A planned mix of the controllable elements of a product's marketing plan  commonly termed as 4Ps: product, price, place, and promotion. These four elements are adjusted until the right combination is found that serves the needs of the product's customers, while generating optimum income.
   Strategies:
   Introduction: When a product is new to the market, the organizations objective is to inform the target audience of its entry
   Growth: as the product become accepted by the target marker, the organization works on the strategy of further increasing brand awareness to encourage loyalty.
   Maturity: The organization must take persuasive tactics to encourage the costumers to purchase their product over their rivals.
   Decline: the organization will use the strategies of reminding people of the product to slow the inevitable.
   Materials Management: is a scientific technique concerned with planning, organizing, and control of flow of material, from their initial purchase to destination
   ABC – Analysis: is a business term used to define an inventory categorization technique, ABC – Analysis provides a mechanism for identifying items  that will have a significant impact on overall inventory cost, while also providing a mechanism for identifying different categories of stock that will require different management and controls.
   EOQ – Analysis: tells you how much of quantity you can place in one order,
EOQ formula:
EOQ=√(2SP/C)

Where:    S: Annual usage in units
   P: Fixed cost per order
   C: Carrying cost per units

Spoiler for Assignment #4:

Question:
1.   Define organization? Explain the basic elements of organization?
2.   Write a short note on:
a.   Departmentation
b.   De-centralization
c.   Line Organization
d.   Functional Organization

Answer (Dari internet):
1.   Organization is a social group which distributes tasks for a collective goal.
Basic element of organization:
a.   Division of Labor:   The degree to which organization tasks are subdivided into individual jobs; also called work specialization
b.   Delegation of Authority : It refers to vesting of  organization power or right to the decisions in a subordinate by a supervisor
c.   Span of Control: The number of  employees who reports to a supervisor
d.   Organization structure: is the result of organization chart and organization design. Structure comes into existence when activities are grouped.
2.   Short note on:
a.   Departmentation: Dividing up the workers
b.   De-centralization: The location of decision authority near lower organizational levels
c.   Line Organization: Line organization is the oldest and simplest method of administrative organization. According to this type of organization, the authority flows from top to bottom in a concern. The line of command is carried out from top to bottom
d.   Functional Organization:  Functional organization is a type of organizational structure that uses the principle of specialization based on function or role. It allows decisions to be decentralized since issues are delegated to specialized persons or units, leaving them the responsibility of implementing, evaluating, or controlling the given procedures or goals.

Spoiler for Assignment #5:

Assignment #5

Question:
1.   Define Production Management? Brief the objective and function of POM?
2.   Define Product Design? What are the steps involved in New Product Development?
3.   Describe the characteristics of good product design?

Answer (menurut Mrs. Pupalla):
1.   Production Management is the job of coordinating and controlling the activities required to make a product, typically involving effective control of scheduling, cost, performance, quality, and waste requirements.
-   Objective of POM:
a.   Value of output should be more than the cost of inputs
b.   Should satisfy the costumers in terms of right quality, right quantity, right place, and right time.
-   Function of POM:
a.   Product (according to specifications)
b.   Process (best way)
c.   Plant (select the place where all inputs are available)
d.   Program (going on as planned)
e.   People (should be skilled, semi skilled, and unskilled)
2.   Product Design is creating a new product and launching into the market by the company
       Steps involved in New Product Development:
a.   Need Identification
b.   Idea Generation
c.   Screening and Evaluation of Ideas
d.   Business Analysis
e.   Product Development
f.   Testing
g.   Commercialization
3.   Characteristics of good product design:
a.   Quality
b.   Appearance
c.   Performance
d.   Service Life
e.   Price
f.   Useful
g.   Long Last Product
h.   Etc.

[Mpo]

Assigment #4 yang berdasarkan jawaban dari penjelasan Mrs. Pupalla ada??

[Bilack Cat]

@atas: ok, nanti qt post.... 

edit:
@atas: silahkan....

Spoiler for Assignment #4 menurut Mrs. Pupalla:

Question:
1.   Define organization? Explain the basic elements of organization?
2.   Write a short note on:
a.   Departmentation
b.   De-centralization
c.   Line Organization
d.   Functional Organization

Answer:
1.   Organization: A social unit of people systematically structured and managed to meet needs or to pursue collective goals
(or)
   Organization: It is the place where group of people work together for common goals
   
   Basic elements of organization:
a.   Division of Labor: An approach to the completion of a complex task which involves breaking the task into a number of simpler task and assigning these task to specialize who generally perform only their assigned task
b.   Delegation of Authority: A manager alone cannot perform all the tasks assigned to him. In order to meet the forget, the manager should delegate authority. In simple word, Delegation of Authority means division of authority and powers downwards to the subordinates in order to achieve effectives result.
c.   Span of Control: The number of subordinates a manager is expected to supervise/control
d.   Organization Structure: is a frameworks that allows a particular space for a particular department or an individual and show its relationship to others

2.   Short note about:
a.   Departmentation: Dividing up the workers according to their specialty.
b.   Decentralization: The member from near lower organizational levels can make decision.
c.   Line Organization: Is simple to understand, the oldest method in organization, the authority flows from top to bottom, and the responsibility flows from bottom to top, there us a change information flows without any gap, better decision, no supportive services.
d.   Functional Organization: …

PS: Klo yg Functional Organization yg menurut Mrs. Pupalla, qt nintau,
Nda catat…

[DarkAssilum]

menambahkan saja...

Ass. 5
No. 3 Characteristic of Good Product Design

Spoiler for answer:

a. Innovative
b. useful
c. aesthetic
d. understandable
e. clear
f. honest
g. long lasting
h. detail
i. environmentally friendly
j. little design as possible

di edit karena ada kesalahan... thanks

[Bilack Cat]

@atas: itu assignment 5, no 3...
cma bilang, jangan smpe orng ta salah... 

[alveena]

Thanks alot guys for this ! i lost the other assignment questions  Good luck in your final exam !

[DarkAssilum]

@atas: itu assignment 5, no 3...
cma bilang, jangan smpe orng ta salah... 

oke thanks infonya... sudah di perbaiki

[Mpo]

Tagline



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KFC                              ~ so good 
google                         ~ search, ads and apps
yahoo                          ~ it`s you
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axioo                           ~ yourlifetime partner
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[Amakuchi]

Dengan berakhirnya Final Test semester ini, semua thread mata kuliah akan saya lock untuk menghindari junk yang berlebihan di subforum Study Garden. Thread ini akan dibuka kembali pada semester dimana mata kuliah ini tersedia untuk dikontrak.
terima kasih untuk partisipasi pada thread ini sepanjang semester berjalan.
sampai jumpa & have a nice holiday all 

[letyou[die]]

Spoiler for Hiden:

1. Human resource management (HRM, or simply HR) is the management of an organization's workforce, or human resources. It is responsible for the attraction, selection, training, assessment, and rewarding of employees, while also overseeing organizational leadership and culture, and ensuring compliance with employment and labor laws. In circumstances where employees desire and are legally authorized to hold a collective bargaining agreement, HR will typically also serve as the company's primary liaison with the employees' representatives (usually a labor union).
Personnel managment
The function of a personnel manager usually begins with the staffing process. He or she might be focused on screening and interviewing applicants, with an eye toward placing individuals with the right skill sets in the right position within the organization. The HR manager might also oversee, or at least be involved in, the creation of entry-level training programs as well as continuing-education opportunities for people who are already working for the organization.
1.   -      PM is mainly reactive and responsive to the demand of an employee whenever situation arises
-   HRM is proactive function, it concerned with present and future needs of the organization
2.   -      PM is looked as an independent function of the organization
-   HRM is looked as a subsystem linked with all other system of the organization
3.   -      PM stresses only on improving the efficiency of the employees
-   HRM includes right from the efficiency of the top management
4.   -      PM emphasizes on economic rewards to the employees
-   HRM emphasizes on satisfaction of higher needs for motivating the employees
5.   -   PM believes that a happy worker is a productive worker
-   HRM is based on the premise that better performance is a source of satisfaction and high morale

2.  Manpower Planning which is also called as Human Resource Planning consists of putting right number of people, right kind of people at the right place, right time, doing the right things for which they are suited for the achievement of goals of the organization. Human Resource Planning has got an important place in the arena of industrialization. Human Resource Planning has to be a systems approach and is carried out in a set procedure. The procedure is as follows:
•   Analysing the current manpower inventory
•   Making future manpower forecasts
•   Developing employment programmes
•   Design training programmes
Training and development. Training and Development is the process or act of increasing or developing the skill of employees for doing a particular job. (The employees should have basic knowledge)
Grievance may be any genuine or imaginary feeling of dissatisfaction or injustice which an employee experiences about his job and it’s nature, about the management policies and procedures. It must be expressed by the employee and brought to the notice of the management and the organization. Grievances take the form of collective disputes when they are not resolved. Also they will then lower the morale and efficiency of the employees.
3.

ato download disini: http://www.media*api.com/?qmqa9r0ppj771wi

[letyou[die]]

tamang2 yang perlu bahan presentasi


RECOMMENDED: http://www.managementstudyguide.com

CARI DISITU. samua materi disitu

[letyou[die]]

http://www.slideshare.net/ald08design/marketing-mix-11915016

[triator]

1.   Material management : It is concerned with planning, organizing and controlling the flow of materials from their initial purchase through internal operations to the service point through distribution. It means stocking adequate number and kind of stores, so that the materials are available whenever required and wherever required. Scientific inventory control results in optimal balance

2.   Marketing management as the art and science of choosing target markets and getting, keeping, and growing customers though creating, delivering, and communicating superior customer value.

4 P’s Elements of marketing mix
Product: Goods manufactured by organizations for the end-users are called products. Products can be of two types - Tangible Product and Intangible Product (Services).

Price : The money which a buyer pays for a product is called as price of the product. The price of a product is indirectly proportional to its availability in the market. Lesser its availability, more would be its price and vice a versa.

Place : Place refers to the location where the products are available and can be sold or purchased. Buyers can purchase products either from physical markets or from virtual markets. In a physical market, buyers and sellers can physically meet and interact with each other whereas in a virtual market buyers and sellers meet through internet.   

Promotion refers to the various strategies and ideas implemented by the marketers to make the end - users aware of their brand. Promotion includes various techniques employed to promote and make a brand popular amongst the masses. Promotion can be through any of the following ways:
•   Advertising: Print media, Television, radio are effective ways to entice customers and make them aware of the brand’s existence. Billboards, hoardings, banners installed intelligently at strategic locations like heavy traffic areas, crossings, railway stations, bus stands attract the passing individuals towards a particular brand.
•   Word of mouth One satisfied customer brings ten more customers along with him whereas one dis-satisfied customer takes away ten more customers. That’s the importance of word of mouth. Positive word of mouth goes a long way in promoting brands amongst the customers.

3.   Strategies:
a.   Introduction: When a product is new to the market, the organizations objective is to inform the target audience of its entry
b.    Growth: as the product become accepted by the target marker, the organization works on the strategy of further increasing brand awareness to encourage loyalty.
c.   Maturity: The organization must take persuasive tactics to encourage the costumers to purchase their product over their rivals.
d.   Decline: the organization will use the strategies of reminding people of the product to slow the inevitable.

4.   ABC analysis: An analysis of a range of items that have different levels of significance and should be handled or controlled differently. It is a form that are grouped into three categories (A, B, and C) in order of their estimated importance. 'A' items are very important, 'B' items are important, 'C' items are marginally important.

EOQ analysis:      EOQ, or Economic Order Quantity, is defined as the optimal quantity of orders that minimizes total variable costs required to order and hold inventory.

[triator]

Spoiler for Hiden:

Materials management is part of logistics and refers to the location and movement of the physical items or products. There are three main processes associated with materials management: spare parts, quality control, and inventory management. Materials management is important in large manufacturing and distribution environments, where there are multiple parts, locations, and significant money invested in these items.
Inventory control is concerned with minimizing the total cost of inventory. The three main factors in inventory control decision making process are
•   The cost of holding the stock (e.g., based on the interest rate).
•   The cost of placing an order (e.g., for row material stocks) or the set-up cost of production.
•   The cost of shortage, i.e., what is lost if the stock is insufficient to meet all demand.
Marketing management is a business discipline which is focused on the practical application of marketing techniques and the management of a firm's marketing resources and activities. Rapidly emerging forces of globalization have led firms to market beyond the borders of their home countries, making international marketing highly significant and an integral part of a firm's marketing strategy.
4 P’s method in marketing
PRODUCT
The business has to produce a product that people want to buy. They have to decide which ‘market segment’ they are aiming at – age, income, geographical location etc. They then have to differentiate their product so that it is slightly different from what is on offer at present so that people can be persuaded to ‘give them a try’.
PROMOTION
Customers have to be made aware of the product. The two main considerations are target market and cost. A new business will not be able to afford to advertise on national television, for instance and would not wish to because its market will be local to start with. Leaflets, billboards, advertisements in local newspapers, Yellow Pages and ‘word of mouth’ would be more appropriate.
PRICE
The price must be high enough to cover costs and make a profit but low enough to attract customers. There are a number of possible pricing strategies. The most commonly used are:
    PENETRATION PRICING – charging a low price, possibly not quite covering costs, to gain a position in the market. This is quite popular with new businesses trying to get a ‘toehold’.
    CREAMING – the opposite to penetration pricing, this involves charging a deliberately high price to persuade people that the product is of high quality. Luxury car makers often use this strategy
    COST PLUS PRICING – this is the most common form of pricing. Costs are totalled and a margin is added on for profit to make the total price.
PLACE
The business must have a location that it can afford, and that is convenient and suitable for customers and any supplier.


The four phases usually used to describe a product's life cycle are:
•   Introduction
•   Growth
•   Maturity
•   Decline
During the earlier parts of the product lifecycle, the cost of promoting the product may be larger than the revenue it brings in. However, for successful products that are marketed effectively, the product will become increasingly profitable during the Growth and Maturity phases
As products moves from lifecycle phase to lifecycle phase, the elements of the marketing mix used to promote them change.
•   During the Introduction phase, there will most-likely be heavy promotional and advertising activity designed to raise awareness of the new product, and to seek sales amongst "early adopters" – adventurous consumers who like to own cutting edge products.
•   Moving on to the Growth phase, promotional activities will tend to focus on expanding the market for the product into new segments – usually either geographic or demographic – and supporting this by expanding the product family, for example with new flavors or sizes (cartons of fruit drinks specifically sized for kids lunch boxes, for instance).
•   By the time a product reaches its Maturity phase, the company producing it needs to reap considerable rewards for the time and money spent developing the product so far.
•   Finally, once the product begins to Decline, marketing support may be withdrawn completely, and sales will entirely be the result of the product's residual reputation amongst a small market sector. (Elderly people, for example, may go on buying brands that they started using forty or even fifty years earlier.)
Question:
1.   Define organization? Explain the basic elements of organization?
2.   Write a short note on:
a.   Departmentation
b.   De-centralization
c.   Line Organization
d.   Functional Organization

1.   Organization is a social group which distributes tasks for a collective goal.
Basic element of organization:
a.   Division of Labor:   The degree to which organization tasks are subdivided into individual jobs; also called work specialization
b.   Delegation of Authority : It refers to vesting of  organization power or right to the decisions in a subordinate by a supervisor
c.   Span of Control: The number of  employees who reports to a supervisor
d.   Organization structure: is the result of organization chart and organization design. Structure comes into existence when activities are grouped.
2.   Short note on:
a.   Departmentation: Dividing up the workers
b.   De-centralization: The location of decision authority near lower organizational levels
c.   Line Organization: Line organization is the oldest and simplest method of administrative organization. According to this type of organization, the authority flows from top to bottom in a concern. The line of command is carried out from top to bottom
d.   Functional Organization:  Functional organization is a type of organizational structure that uses the principle of specialization based on function or role. It allows decisions to be decentralized since issues are delegated to specialized persons or units, leaving them the responsibility of implementing, evaluating, or controlling the given procedures or goals.